The blast furnace sludge (BFS) is a waste material of pig iron production. The chemical and mineralogical composition of BFS was examined by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and X-ray Diffraction ...(XRD) methods. Surface area properties (specific surface area, average pore diameter, total pore volume) are determined by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. The microscopic observation was conducted using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM method).
Chemical treatment of BFS was performed by adsorbed citric acid. Thermal treatment was done by heating at 700°C. The surface properties of the blast furnace sludge are compared to those obtained after treatment. The results have shown that this successfully performed experiment modified the surface of BFS as a potentially low-cost adsorbent.
The Construction Method of IN-situ Stabilized Excavated Materials ‹INSEM› by which excavated sandgravel materials are fully effectively used without wastes is introduced in Sabo works for difficult ...sites of treatment of the waste materials. The INSEM is a construction material to stabilize in-situ sand-gravels generated by excavation works through mixing with cement. Though the INSEM is similar in material to the CSG or soil cements, the INSEM method is fundamentally unique in its complete treatment of waste soils. The method can be applied to multi-purpose usage for whole structures, foundations, inside cores etc. by reason of its inherence such as simplicity, diversity and economy. This paper mainly presents the laboratory test results on basic mechanical properties of the INSEM indispensable to using it in the right place for sabo structures. The basic properties include compressive strength, shear strength, deformability and erosion resistance peculiar to Sabo structures. The test results show that the INSEM is an useful material having the sufficient mechanical properties for Sabo structures. Using this material appropriately may be a means to attempt an optimum solution to Sabo structures adaptable to the new era.
Today, waste material is one of the most widely used forms of renewable fuel in the United States for homes, schools, factories, prisons, and power plants. In 2010, biomass waste exceeded the total ...energy produced from all our nation's hydropower plants. Biomass is a renewable technology that enjoys a high capacity factor. Biomass fuels produce more than 7,700 megawatts of electricity. It is a renewable organic material that can be used to produce energy and derived from various types of vegetation, trees, branches, roots, bark, and animal or human waste. Today, biomass, which is safe, non‐hazardous, and nonlethal fuel, is burned in power plants at very high temperatures and can produce a great deal of heat or energy. This chapter explains the concept of biomass energy and the power plant from which it is generated; it further explains the advantages of using this means of energy.
Although China has one of the longest rammed earth histories of any country in the world, the traditional building method has virtually died out and has even been made illegal. However, the explosion ...in construction combined with the lack of natural resources is creating renewed interest for rammed earth, in particular modern rammed earth. This chapter will explore the challenges and opportunities that face the growth of modern rammed earth construction in China. It will also touch on the selection and engineering of local earth, construction techniques and future trends. As the field begins to see renewed interest, it is turning away from its roots and looking abroad for technical know-how. Without a doubt, if the opportunities come to outweigh the challenges, China could well become the global source of innovation for rammed earth construction.
Applications of waste material (lignite ash and crab shell) on sloping area for soil erosion decreasing Unpeng Inthachang(Naresuan University. Phayao Campus, Phayao (Thailand). School of Energy and Environment); Chaitamlong Pongpatanasiri(Naresuan University, Phitsanulok (Thailand). Faculty of Engineering. Industrial Engineering Department); Tanuchai Kongkraw(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Agriculture. Department of Soil Science) ...
2009
Conference Proceeding
Because the Northern Thailand has frequently been subjected to deluge and land-slide, it is very important to find a long-term solution to prevent soil erosion. Here, the experiments were divided ...into 1) application of lignite ash and ground crab shell on the sloping area to study its soil physical properties 2) comparison between the effect of the bottom ash and fly ash on highland agricultural areas and 3) studying the efficiency of the created sediment-trap cannels combined with the use of the bottom ash and fly ash. The study of the soil physical properties indicates that the soil structure was strengthened in every experiment as evident from soil density, porosity, water contents, soil three phases, and permeability. For soil hardness test, the soil in the fly ash treated plot appeared to be the hardest one among all experiments. In the 3rd experiment, the bottom ash treated plot showed the highest runoff volume whereas the fly ash treated plot showed the lowest value. When considered the sediment volume only in the 3rd experiment, the fly ash treated plot lost the least (P LT= 0.05) sediment from its plot comparing to the control and the bottom ash treated plots. The amount of TKN and P2O5 had a similar tendency to those for the volume sediment when comparing between the experiments.
To understand the behavior of the entrained-flow gasification of organic wastes, high calorie value polypropylene (PP) and low calorie value polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were gasified in a single ...nozzle type Drop Tube Furnace (DTF). In a small scale of gasifier, it is very difficult to obtain as high temperature as 1, 300°C with a low oxygen-carbon molar ratio as being done in larger scale than pilot plants, and it is necessary to operate in high oxygen-carbon molar ratio in order to maintain the reaction temperature 1, 300°C because the heat loss becomes significant in comparison with heating load in the furnace. When methane gas was introduced as an auxiliary fuel under the low oxygen-carbon molar ratio, the reaction temperatures was achieved over 1, 300°C and higher carbon gasification conversion than 80% was attained. The composition of the main gas produced by gasification was correlated by the shift reaction equilibrium at the temperature above 1, 250°C. Then the equilibrium constant, which was almost independent of the temperature in the range, could be approximated about 0.85.
Beton üretiminde, geri dönüşüm beton agregalarının kullanımı, olumsuz çevresel etkilerini ve doğal kaynakların
tüketilmesini önemli ölçüde azaltabilir. Araştırmacılar, geri dönüşüm agregalarının ...uygun bir biçimde işlenmesi
ve düşük dayanımlı beton uygulamalarında kullanımını önermektedir. Bu çalışmada, beton atıklarından elde
edilen iri agreganın geri dönüşüm agregası olarak betonda kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada; kırma
iri agrega yerine %0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 100 oranlarında iri geri dönüşüm beton agregası (İGDBA) kullanılmıştır.
Beton örneklerinin 28 günlük basınç dayanımları, birim ağırlık ve su emme oranları belirlenmiştir. Elde
edilen deney sonuçlarına göre; %30 oranına kadar İGDBA'nın beton üretiminde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
The use of coarse recycled concrete aggregates on concrete applications can substantially reduce the
environmental effects and the exhaustion of the natural resources. The researchers suggest that coarse recycled
aggregates should be processed appropriately and used in applications with low strength concrete. This study
was carried out to investigate the possibilities of using the coarse aggregate from concrete waste as coarse
recycled aggregate in concrete. In the study, coarse recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) was used in the ratio of
0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 % respectively in place of crushed sand. Compressive stress, unit weight and water
absorption rates tests were determined for these concrete samples for 28 days. According to the test results, it
was found that recycled aggregate could be used in place of fine aggregate up to 30%.
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