Micropollutants in treated wastewater Rogowska, Justyna; Cieszynska-Semenowicz, Monika; Ratajczyk, Wojciech ...
Ambio,
02/2020, Letnik:
49, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Compounds such as pharmaceuticals, or personal care products are only partially removed in wastewater treatment processes. Large number of these compounds and their degradation products is out of any ...control. A small number of compounds are covered by legal regulations. Among the compounds non-regulated by law, the target compounds, as well as non-target compounds can be distinguished. In the scientific literature, number of reports on various target compounds’ determination is increasingly growing. This paper provides an up-to-date review on micropollutants present in treated wastewater and their concentrations found in literature in the years 2015–2019. Because the obtained results of chemical analyses do not adequately reflect the risks to ecosystems and consequently humans, the results of chemical analyses have been supplemented by a review of ecotoxicological studies. In addition, legal issues linked to contamination of treated wastewater and research related to identification of non-target compounds in treated effluents have been discussed.
This study investigated the removal of microplastics from different treatment stages in three WWTPs and examined the performance of tertiary treatment that was done by coagulation and different ...technologies such as ozone (WWTP-A), membrane disc-filter (WWTP-B), and rapid sand filtration (WWTP-C). The results showed that the primary and secondary treatment processes effectively remove microplastics from wastewater with efficiencies ranging between 75% and 91.9%. The removal efficiency increased further to >98% after tertiary treatment. Microbeads and fragments were the major types of microplastics found in all wastewater sampling points. Microbeads found in the wastewater samples were classified as primary microplastics, that mainly came from personal care products, whereas secondary microplastics consisted of fragments, fibers, and sheets that were generated mainly due to fragmentation of larger plastics. Microplastics were still found in a high concentration in the final effluent, especially from WWTP-B, which is discharged into the Geumho river.
•The number of microplastics entering into WWTP is very high.•The number of microplastics drop very much after going through each treatment stages.•Microbead contribute to the most abundant type of microplastic were found in effluent.•Ozone is the promising technology to remove microplastic in wastewater.
The history of China's municipal wastewater management is revisited. The remaining challenges in wastewater sector in China are identified. New concept municipal wastewater treatment plants are ...highlighted. An integrated plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery is envisaged.
China has the world's largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market, thus its future development will have profound influence on the world. The high-speed development of China's wastewater sector over the past 40 years has forged its global leading treatment capacity and innovation ability. However, many problems were left behind, including underdeveloped sewers and sludge disposal facilities, low sustainability of the treatment processes, questionable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge standards, and lacking global thinking on harmonious development between wastewater management, human society and the nature. Addressing these challenges calls for fundamental changes in target design, policy and technologies. In this mini-review, we revisit the development history of China's municipal wastewater management and identify the remaining challenges. Also, we highlight the future needs of sustainable development and exploring China's own wastewater management path, and outlook the future from several aspects including targets of wastewater management, policies and technologies, especially the new concept WWTP. Furthermore, we envisage the establishment of new-generation WWTPs with the vision of turning WWTP from a site of pollutant removal into a plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery and an integrated part urban ecology in China.
The world is facing environmental pollution and is in an alarming situation due to industrialization and urbanization. Especially, industrial wastewater discharge is causing serious pollution in the ...environment (water, soil, and air) and has become a challenge for researchers and scientists. Wastewater contains heavy metals like Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Ar and causes toxicity in living beings and the environment. In this review, the sources of heavy metals and their toxicological effects on the environment have been reviewed. Various remediation techniques such as reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, and ultrafiltration are being used for the treatment of wastewater, but still are limited in their efficiencies, residues, cost, and versatility. In this study, the most promising wastewater treatment technique, the physic-chemical technique, has been reviewed along with its working mechanism and efficiency. Further, the pros and cons of this technique and sub-techniques have also been reviewed to provide a basic understanding to beginners and a pathway to experts in the selection of better techniques.
Pathogenic bacteria in wastewater are generally considered to be efficiently removed in biological wastewater treatment plants. This understanding is almost solely based on culture-based control ...measures, and here we show, by applying culture-independent methods, that the removal of species in the genus
was less effective than for many other abundant genera in the influent wastewater.
was one of the most abundant genera in influent wastewater at 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants and was also abundant in the "clean" effluent from all the plants, reaching up to 30% of all bacteria as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analyses, culturing, genome sequencing of
isolates, and visualization by fluorescent
hybridization (FISH) confirmed the presence of the human-pathogenic
and
in both influent and effluent. The main reason for the high relative abundance in the effluent was probably that
cells, compared to those of other abundant genera in the influent, did not flocculate and attach well to the activated sludge flocs, leaving a relatively large fraction dispersed in the water phase. The study shows there is an urgent need for new standardized culture-independent measurements of pathogens in effluent wastewaters, e.g., amplicon sequencing, and an investigation of the problem on a global scale to quantify the risk for humans and livestock.
The genus
was unexpectedly abundant in the effluent from 14 Danish wastewater treatment plants treating municipal wastewater, and the species included the human-pathogenic
and
Recent studies have shown that
is common in wastewater worldwide, so the study indicates that discharge of members of the genus
may be a global problem, and further studies are needed to quantify the risk and potentially minimize the discharge. The study also shows that culture-based analyses are insufficient for proper effluent quality control, and new standardized culture-independent measurements of effluent quality encompassing most pathogens should be considered.
The present study investigates the phycoremediation potentials of two microalgal consortia (MAC1 and MAC2) for treating sewage water and producing biomass with high lipid, protein and chlorophyll ...contents. During the study, the microalgal strains were tested for lipid enhancement, biomass production and contaminant removal from wastewater. The microalgal consortia showed prolific growth in wastewater with 75% dilution and accumulated higher lipid content of 31.33% dry cell weight in MAC1. The maximum biomass (50% diluted wastewater) for both the consortia was 1.53 and 1.04 gL−1. Total chlorophyll (19.17–25.17 μg mL−1) and protein contents (0.12–0.16 mg mL−1) for both the consortia were found to be maximum in 75 WW. MAC1 was capable of removing 86.27% of total organic carbon and 87.6% of chemical oxygen demand. Approximately, 94% of nitrate and phosphate contents were removed from the initial contents of wastewater. Heavy metal removal efficiency was also found to be better and showed 85.06% Cu, 75.2% Cr, 98.2% Pb, and 99.6% Cd removal by the algal consortia. Pyrolytic decomposition of algal consortia was observed using thermogravimetric analysis. The stepwise decomposition of algae indicated distinct losses of functional groups. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the majority of saturated fatty acids followed by monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the present study proved that both the consortia show tremendous potential for the treatment of domestic wastewaters with successive lipid enhancement for biodiesel production.
•Mixed algal consortia reduced TN, TOC, COD, nitrate and phosphate contents.•Algal consortia efficiently removed heavy metals from the wastewater.•Lipid content of MAC2 was increased up to 31.3% compared to MAC1.•Desirable fatty acids were observed in wastewater grown algae consortia.
Concerns about environmental safety have led to strict regulations on the discharge of final brewery effluents into water bodies. Brewery wastewater contains huge amounts of organic compounds that ...can cause environmental pollution. The microalgae wastewater treatment method is an emerging environmentally friendly biotechnological process. Microalgae grow well in nutrient-rich wastewater by absorbing organic nutrients and converting them into useful biomass. The harvested biomass can be used as animal feed, as an alternative energy source for biodiesel production and as biofertilizer. This review discusses conventional and current brewery wastewater treatment methods, and the application and potential of microalgae in brewery wastewater treatment. This study also discusses the benefits as well as challenges associated with microalgae brewery and other industrial wastewater treatments.
In the present study, three different artificial intelligence based non-linear models, i.e. feed forward neural network (FFNN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine ...(SVM) approaches and a classical multi-linear regression (MLR) method were applied for predicting the performance of Nicosia wastewater treatment plant (NWWTP), in terms of effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD
), chemical oxygen demand (COD
) and total nitrogen (TN
). The daily data were used to develop single and ensemble models to improve the prediction ability of the methods. The obtained results of single models proved that, ANFIS model provides effective outcomes in comparison with single models. In the ensemble modeling, simple averaging ensemble, weighted averaging ensemble and neural network ensemble techniques were proposed subsequently to improve the performance of the single models. The results showed that in prediction of BOD
, the ensemble models of simple averaging ensemble (SAE), weighted averaging ensemble (WAE) and neural network ensemble (NNE), increased the performance efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI) modeling up to 14%, 20% and 24% at verification phase, respectively, and less than or equal to 5% for both COD
and TN
in calibration phase. This shows that NNE model is more robust and reliable ensemble method for predicting the NWWTP performance due to its non-linear averaging kernel.
Approximately, seventy (70) percent of world water use including all the water diverted from rivers and pumped from underground is used for agricultural irrigation, so that the reuse of treated ...municipal wastewater for purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation reduces the amount of water that needs to be extracted from natural water sources as well as reducing discharge of wastewater to the environment. Thus, treated municipal wastewater is a valuable water source for recycling and reuse in the Mediterranean countries and other arid and semi-arid regions which are confronting increasing water shortages. Treated wastewater reuse in agriculture is a common practice in the Mediterranean countries and there is a considerable interest in the long-term effects of treated wastewater on crops intended for human consumption. This paper reviews the fundamentals of agricultural irrigation using treated municipal wastewater and the status of municipal wastewater reuse in Greece and Spain with studies related to the effects on soils and plants.
The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to creating a public health emergency conditions since 2019. COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is spread via human-to-human ...transmission by direct contact or droplets. Through conducting this study, we were looking for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater produced in Iran country (Ardabil, Nir, Khalkhal, and Kowsar) (wastewater collection network, wastewater treatment plant, and hospital wastewater). In this research, samples (
n
=76) were collected from influent and effluent of municipal and hospital wastewater treatment plants, and some samples were also collected from Ardabil municipal wastewater manholes. The sampling duration included the white (lower risk of COVID-19) and red (high risk of COVID-19) conditions. Samples were stored at −20 °C for further diagnostic tests. The specific primer and probe real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) targeting ORF1ab and N genes (nucleoprotein gene) were applied to detect viral genomes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the wastewater samples. Out of 76 samples, a total of 15 samples (19.73%) collected from wastewater in Ardabil province (Ardabil, Nir, Khalkhal, and Kowsar), were positive in terms of SARS-CoV-2. Wastewater epidemiology can facilitate detection of the incidence of pathogens through metropolises, measurement of population prevalence without direct testing, and provision of information to the public health system about the efficiency of intervening efforts.
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