The extensive groundwater reserves in the Ljubljana Plain, estimated at 100 million m3, represent a natural resource of regional significance. The Decree on the Protection of Sources of Drinking ...Water divides this water protection area into three drinking-water protection zones. The area is exposed to possible pollution by many activities, among which agriculture is especially problematic because it is not supervised strictly enough. The majority of farms are engaged in traditional animal husbandry, of which cattle breeding dominates.
Studies to date on illegal waste dumps in the Ljubljana Plain (Ljubljansko polje), the Iška Alluvial Fan (Iški vršaj), and areas with local water sources in the City of Ljubljana have demonstrated ...that there are great amounts of waste in areas of importance to the Slovenian capital’s water supply. In particular, illegal dumps located in areas where groundwater flows towards pumping stations and where the Sava and Iška rivers flow into the groundwater present a considerable threat to drinking water quality. In addition, shallow groundwater levels and gravel pits increase the vulnerability of the environment even more.
The book includes water protection areas near the pumping stations of drinkable water on Ljubljansko polje, consequently in the City municipality of Ljubljana and in the water protection area of the ...water plant Brest in the neighbouring municipality of Ig. The area of Ljubljansko barje was also included in the study.Water wells have, besides the basic function of preserving water, also an aesthetic and symbolic meaning. Many fountains in public and private use are true works of art, but that wasn't the main interest of our study. We concentrated mostly on private water wells and bores, which are not registered and therefore not supervised.
Poleg vrtičkarskih območij se na vodovarstvenih območjih v Ljubljani in okolici, pojavljajo zasebni zelenjavni vrtovi. Z vidika varstva okolja je tovrstno ‘kmetijstvo v malem’ oziroma ljubiteljsko ...vrtnarstvo zanimivo zaradi nenamernega obremenjevanja okolja. Prispevek povzema rezultate diplomskega dela, v katerem smo rezultate terenskega dela povezali z dostopnimi meritvami fi tofarmacevtskih sredstev in rastlinskih hranil v tleh in pridelkih ter tako pridobili natančnejšo sliko o problematičnosti tovrstnega vrtnarstva.
Ljubljansko polje is a juncture of numerous human activities. The source of drinking water for about 300,000 residents, it holds one of the most important bodies of groundwater in the country. ...Unfortunately, the influences of urbanization, agriculture and industry that threaten and burden it are reflected in the quality and quantity of the groundwater.
Addressing the issue of agricultural pollution in water protection areas (WPA) requires assessing the impact of agricultural activities at regional scales. However, current water quality modeling ...studies often neglect the agronomic concept of a cropping system and interactions with soils. This paper presents a participatory assessment framework involving local experts in building a shared diagnosis of nitrate losses from cropping systems in a WPA. It includes a co-designed typology of landscape units and participatory assessment of nitrate losses with the modeling software Syst'N. Results show that characteristics of cropping systems depended on soils and that nitrate losses were highest in shallow soils. Intercrop periods were identified as critical periods for nitrate leaching, which demonstrates the importance of considering pluri-annual crop rotations rather than individual crops. The framework is generic for a modeling approach based on the involvement of local experts, who define their functional system in an agronomically sound way.
•Participatory assessment of nitrate losses from cropping systems at a regional scale.•User-friendly agronomic modeling software to facilitate discussion with participants.•Characteristics of cropping systems depend on soil types.•Predicted nitrate losses result from interactions between cropping systems and soils.
Watersheds are recognized as the most effective management unit for the protection of water resources. For surface water supplies that use water from upstream watersheds, evaluating threats to water ...quality and implementing a watershed management plan are crucial for the maintenance of drinking water safe for humans. The aim of this article is to establish a risk assessment model that provides basic information for identifying critical pollutants and areas at high risk for degraded water quality. In this study, a quantitative risk model that uses hazard quotients for each water quality parameter was combined with a qualitative risk model that uses the relative risk level of potential pollution events in order to characterize the current condition and potential risk of watersheds providing drinking water. In a case study of Taipei Source Water Area in northern Taiwan, total coliforms and total phosphorus were the top two pollutants of concern. Intensive tea-growing and recreational activities around the riparian zone may contribute the greatest pollution to the watershed. Our risk assessment tool may be enhanced by developing, recording, and updating information on pollution sources in the water supply watersheds. Moreover, management authorities could use the resultant information to create watershed risk management plans.
В статье описаны методические вопросы, связанные с определением водоохранных зон озер на примере Северо-Западного Федерального округа. На сегодняшний день, согласно статье 65 Водного Кодекса ...Российской Федерации - основным показателем, влияющим на ширину водоохраной зоны является площадь зеркала водоема, что не является достаточным, так как каждое озеро индивидуально по-своему и проблема его экологического состояния складывается и из других показателей. Рассчитаны коэффициенты водообмена для некоторых озер Карелии, которые также должны влиять на определение ширины водоохранной зоны, так как являются количественным показателем условия обновления воды в озере, а также представлены другие показатели, которые должны влиять на размер водоохранной зоны озера: тип берега (степень проницаемости грунтов), степень антропогенного воздействия.
В статье описаны вопросы, связанные с определением водоохранных зон озер на примере Северо-Западного Федерального округа с учетом проницаемости грунтов прибрежных территорий. На сегодняшний день, ...согласно статье 65 Водного Кодекса Российской Федерации - основным показателем, влияющим на ширину водоохраной зоны является площадь зеркала водоема, что не является достаточным, так как каждое озеро индивидуально по-своему и проблема его экологического состояния складывается и из других показателей. На основе программного комплекса ModFlow построена модель движения и проницаемости загрязняющих веществ до озера, а также рассчитаны периоды достижения этих флюидов водного объекта.
Ljubljansko polje is a gravel plain lying along the Sava River north of Ljubljana. Although built-up areas are steadily expanding, the water protection area has helped preserve the character of ...relatively intensely cultivated agricultural land at least in its central part. However, illegal dumping sites pose a threat to the groundwater in the gravel aquifer. In the narrowest and narrow water protection areas of Ljubljansko polje, we have found, registered, and studied 1,445 illegal dumping sites with a total surface area amounting to 120,816 m2 and a total volume of 209,422 m3. A good seventh (13.5%) of the total waste is hazardous. In the area surveyed, we also registered 86 gravel pits, 47 information and warning signs, and 57 road barriers on access roads. In time, it will be necessary to rehabilitate all the illegal dumping sites; however, due to the large quantity of waste it is unrealistic to expect this to happen in one go, and we have therefore established a priority schedule for the rehabilitation.
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