La leptospirose est une zoonose bactérienne (
Leptospira spp.
; bacille à Gram négatif) de répartition mondiale. Son incidence est croissante en France ces dernières années, avoisinant maintenant ...celle de l'hépatite A (1/100 000). Face à un patient présentant une fièvre en retour de voyage en zone tropicale, le diagnostic de leptospirose doit être évoqué. Mais cette hypothèse diagnostique doit rester envisageable en dehors de tout déplacement, notamment lors des périodes à risque (été-automne), et lors d'activités récréatives avec exposition à l'eau douce (canoë-kayak, baignade, canyoning). La symptomatologie clinique à la phase initiale va mimer un syndrome pseudogrippal, rendant le diagnostic difficile. Le clinicien doit s'efforcer de rechercher les facteurs de risque d'exposition et s'appuyer sur des arguments clinicobiologiques (myalgies, toux, atteinte conjonctivale, thrombopénie, rhabdomyolyse, cholestase) fréquemment associés à la leptospirose. Le but étant la mise en place d'une antibiothérapie précoce avant l'apparition de formes graves ictérohémorragique ou respiratoire, responsables d'une mortalité accrue. Le traitement repose principalement sur l'usage d'antibiotiques (bêtalactamines injectables dans les formes sévères céphalosporines ou l'amoxicilline, doxycycline ou l'azithromycine dans les formes non sévères) associés à des soins de support (hydratation, recharge potassique, hémodialyse), pouvant nécessiter une hospitalisation en service de réanimation.
Leptospirosis is a worldwide bacterial zoonotic disease caused by
Leptospira spp.
, a Gram-negative bacillus. Its incidence has been increasing in France in recent years, reaching similar level to hepatitis A (1/100,000). Leptospiro-sis should be considered when patient suffers from fever after traveling to a tropical area. However, this diagnostic should also be considered even without travel, especially during high-risk periods (summer-autumn) and during recreational activities involving freshwater exposure (such as canoeing-kayaking, swimming, and canyoning). The initial clinical symptoms often mimic a flu-like syndrome, making the diagnosis challenging. The clinician should try to identify risk factors for exposure and rely on clinical and laboratory evidence (such as myalgia, cough, conjunctival involvement, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, and cholestasis), which are frequently associated with leptospirosis. The goal is to initiate early antibiotic therapy before the development of severe icterohemorrhagic or respiratory forms, which are associated with increased mortality. The treatment mainly involves the use of antibiotics along with supportive care (hydration, potassium replacement, and hemodialysis), sometimes in an intensive care unit. The recommended antibiotic therapy is the use of injectable beta-lactams (cephalosporins) for severe forms or amoxicillin, doxycycline, and azithromycin for non-severe forms.
Canine Leishmaniasis visceral is a common disease in countries of the Americas. In Brazil, its occurrence has been increasing in municipalities in the Brazilian Northeast due to the increase in the ...number of animals within the country, which may increase the number of animals infected by the protozoan Leishmania. The objective was to report the temporal trend and describe the distribution of incidence rates of Leishmaniose visceral in the municipality of Coité do Noia, state of Alagoas, from 2013 to 2019. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the State of Alagoas and in the municipality of Coité de Nóia - AL, from 2013 to 2019. The data used were obtained from the website of the Department of Informatics of the Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), selecting the Leishmaniose Visceral item, the information was compiled from the number of cases notified in the region of Alagoas in Brazil. From 2013 to 2019, 15 cases of Leishmaniose Visceral were confirmed, with 2 deaths. There was a predominance of cases in women with 12 cases, and 4 for men. The study showed a higher occurrence for the municipality of Coite do Noia between 2018 and 2019 with prevalence for women.
Brucellosis is a zoonosis endemic to specific geographical regions. In first line laboratories, diagnosis is made by blood culture or Rose Bengal (RB) serology.
We compare brucellosis testing between ...2012-2021 at two university hospitals in Brussels, Belgium with concomitant national confirmed cases and institutional cases.
RB testing increased from 30 to 211 tests/year between 2012-2021. A total of fifty-two national brucellosis cases were notified during the study period, of which fifteen cases in Brussels. No trend was noted nationally or regionally. Epidemiological data indicated travel to endemic regions, confirmed by strain testing. Institutional cases all showed symptomatic presentations with positive travel histories.
Serologic testing inappropriately increases yearly, while annual imported brucellosis cases remain rare, and have positive travel histories and are symptomatic. We therefore support current recommendations of limiting RB testing to symptomatic patients at risk of exposure, meaning predominantly positive recent travel history.
The aim . To present a clinical case of surgical treatment of parasitic invasion of the vitreous body caused by dirofilaria. Material and methods . One patient with intraocular dirofilariasis ...got operated underwent surgical treatment including vitrectomy, phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens. At the stage of vitrectomy, a whole helminth was removed from the vitreal cavity using collet tweezers for subsequent typing. The uncorrected visual acuity of the right eye at the time of treatment was 0.4, of the left eye – 0.45. Results . The postoperative period had no signs of an active inflammatory reaction. 4 months after surgical treatment, at a follow-up visit, visual acuity of the left eye reached 1.0. According to the parasitological study, a female Dirofilaria repens was identified. In the postoperative period, the areas of pronounced chorioretinal atrophy in the peripheral parts of the retina were visualized, which may be a consequence of mechanical contact of the parasite or the toxic effects of its metabolic products. Conclusion . This clinical example demonstrates the possibility of infection with the ocular form of dirofilariasis in a region that is atypical for the presence of this helminth. Despite the positive outcome of the disease, in the presented patient, the long-term presence of the parasite in the vitreal cavity led to the formation of chorioretinal atrophy in the peripheral retina, which confirms the need for timely diagnosis and surgical treatment.
•Colpodella species are close relatives of Apicomplexan protozoa.•Although most species of this genus are free-living, reports indicate their occurrence in ticks and humans.•Data herein reported ...highlight the unprecedented presence of Colpodella sp. in ticks in Italy.•This finding advocates for routine epidemiological surveys to monitor potential emerging vector-borne pathogens.
Colpodella species are close relatives of Apicomplexan protozoa. Although most species of this genus are free-living organisms that feed on other protists and algae, reports indicate their occurence in ticks and human patients, including an individual with a history of tick bite manifesting neurological symptoms. During an investigation of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in blood samples of cattle, goats, and in ticks collected on them, Colpodella sp. DNA was detected in a Rhipicephalus bursa tick collected from cattle, while of Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis, Babesia bigemina, Sarcocystis cruzi, Babesia spp., and Rickettsia spp. were molecularly detected in cattle, goats, and ticks in southern Italy. Data herein reported highlight the unprecedented presence of Colpodella sp. in ticks in Italy, raising concern due to the potential pathogenic role of this less known protozoan. This finding advocates for performing routine epidemiological surveys to monitor potential emerging vector-borne pathogens.
Display omitted
PDF
