Huang F‐M, Li Y‐C, Lee S‐S, Chang Y‐C. Cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents on human pulp cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels. International Endodontic Journal.
Aim To evaluate ex ...vivo the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents in human pulp cells in vitro.
Methodology Human pulp cells were obtained from impacted third molars with informed consent and then cultured using an explant technique. Set specimens from Clearfil SE Bond (CB), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), and Single Bond (SB) were eluted with culture medium. Cytotoxicity was judged using an assay of tetrazolium bromide reduction. To determine whether glutathione (GSH) levels were important in the cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents, cells were pretreated with 2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (OTZ) to boost GSH levels or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH. Three replicates of each dentine bonding agents were performed in each test. All assays were repeated three times to ensure reproducibility. Statistical analysis was by one‐way analysis of variance (anova). Tests of differences of the treatments were analysed by Duncan’s test.
Results Clearfil SE Bond, PB, and SB were cytotoxic to pulp cells in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The cytotoxicity was upregulated by dentine bonding agents in the following order: PB > SB > CB. Addition of OTZ extracellularly protected the pulp cells from dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). Addition of BSO enhanced pulp cell death on dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05).
Conclusions Dentine bonding agents have significant potential for pulpal toxicity. GSH depletion could be the mechanism for dentine bonding agents–induced cytotoxicity.
The world formulation of the full theory of classical Proca fields in generally relativistic spacetimes is reviewed. Subsequently, the entire set of field equations is transcribed in a ...straightforward way into the framework of one of the Infeld-van der Waerden formalisms. Some well-known calculational techniques are then utilized for deriving the wave equations that control the propagation of the fields allowed for. It appears that no interaction couplings between such fields and electromagnetic curvatures are ultimately carried by the wave equations at issue. What results is, in effect, that the only interactions which occur in the theoretical context under consideration involve strictly Proca fields and wave functions for gravitons.
A non-diagonal spherically symmetric tetrad field, involving four unknown functions of radial coordinate
r
, is applied to the equations of motion of f(T) gravity theory. A special exact vacuum ...solution with one constant of integration is obtained. The scalar torsion related to this special solution vanishes. To understand the physical meaning of the constant of integration we calculate the energy associated with this solution and show how it is related to the gravitational mass of the system.
The transition form factors for doubly heavy baryons into a spin-1/2 or spin-3/2 ground-state baryon induced by both the charged current and the flavor changing neutral current are systematically ...studied within the light-front quark model. In the transition the two spectator quarks have two spin configurations and both are considered in this calculation. We use an updated vertex functions, and inspired by the flavor SU(3) symmetry, we also provide a new approach to derive the flavor-spin factors. With the obtained transition form factors, we perform a phenomenological study of the corresponding semi-leptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons induced by the
c
→
d
/
s
ℓ
+
ν
,
b
→
c
/
u
ℓ
-
ν
¯
and
b
→
d
/
s
ℓ
+
ℓ
-
. Results for partial decay widths, branching ratios and the polarization ratios
Γ
L
/
Γ
T
s are given. We find that most branching ratios for the semi-leptonic decays induced by the
c
→
d
,
s
transitions are at the order of
10
-
3
∼
10
-
2
, which might be useful for the search of other doubly-heavy baryons. Uncertainties in form factors, the flavor SU(3) symmetry and sources of symmetry breaking effects are discussed. We find that the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects could be sizable in charmed baryon decays while in the bottomed case, the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are less significant. Our results can be examined at the experimental facilities in the future.
An autonomous vehicle must accurately detect its surrounding environment to operate reliably. Adverse weather conditions (ADWC) are snow, rain, sand, and haze, badly affect the quality of vehicle ...detection (VD) in an autonomous environment. Most existing techniques focused on VD under various weather effects such as signal control, travel pattern, traffic volume variations and collision risk. Only a limited number of works of literature were focused on VD under ADWC at different automation scales. In this paper, a novel deep learning (DL) model, Optimized You Look Only Once Version 5 (OYOLOV5), is proposed for autonomous VD (AVD) in ADWC. The proposed model consists of three phases: data collection, data preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Initially, the data is collected from the DAWN and COCO dataset to perform VD, which is openly available. The augmentation of the data is carried out on the collected input data by including hue, saturation, blur, brightness, and noise, which helps to get a clear view of vehicles. After data augmentation, feature extraction and classification of the preprocessed images are done using the OYOLOV5 framework, which uses Resnet-50 as the backbone network and Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) for detecting the vehicles at multi-scales. Experiments are conducted, and the outcomes demonstrated the proposed OYOLOV5 model achieves better performance with the state-of-art methods in terms of precision (PRC), recall (RC), f-measure (FMS), accuracy (ACU), average IoU (AI), processing speed (PS), and training time (TTI). Also, the system attains good mean average precision (mAP) than the conventional methods.
Using the most elementary methods and considerations, the solution of the star-triangle condition (a2+b2-c2)/2ab = ((a')^2+(b')^2-(c'))^2/2a'b' is shown to be a necessary condition for the extension ...of the operator coalgebra of the six-vertex model to a bialgebra. A portion of the bialgebra acts as a spectrum-generating algebra for the algebraic Bethe ansatz, with which higher-dimensional representations of the bialgebra can be constructed. The star-triangle relation is proved to be necessary for the commutativity of the transfer matrices T(a, b, c) and T(a', b', c').
We connect two key concepts in quantum information: compatibility and divisibility of quantum channels. Two channels are
compatible
if they can be both obtained via marginalization from a third ...channel. A channel
divides
another channel if it reproduces its action by sequential composition with a third channel. (In)compatibility is of central importance for studying the difference between classical and quantum dynamics. The relevance of divisibility stands in its close relationship with the onset of Markovianity. We emphasize the simulability character of compatibility and divisibility, and, despite their structural difference, we find a set of channels – self-degradable channels – for which the two notions coincide. We also show that, for degradable channels, compatibility implies divisibility, and that, for anti-degradable channels, divisibility implies compatibility. These results provide physical insights and motivate further research on these classes of channels and shed new light on the meaning of these two largely studied notions.
We analyze Darboux transformations in very general settings for multidimensional linear partial differential operators. We consider all known types of Darboux transformations, and present a new type. ...We obtain a full classification of all operators that admit Wronskian type Darboux transformations of first order and a complete description of all possible first-order Darboux transformations. We introduce a large class of invertible Darboux transformations of higher order, which we call Darboux transformations of continued Type I. This generalizes the class of Darboux transformations of Type I, which was previously introduced. There is also a modification of this type of Darboux transformations, continued Wronskian type, which generalize Wronskian type Darboux transformations. ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.
This study proposes an innovative hybrid lateral load-resisting system, termed the ring-cable-cylinder bracing system, aimed at improving the energy dissipation capacity and ductility of the ...previously introduced cable-cylinder bracing (which offers relatively the same level of seismic energy dissipation and ductility as the original bare steel frame), and minimizing the damage to the beam-to-column connections via utilizing quarter-ring curved yielding devices. First, the proposed bracing system and its working mechanism are introduced. A mathematical procedure based on the theorem of the least work and the method of virtual work is then presented to derive highly-accurate, practical, and easy-to-use equations for calculating the thickness of the utilized quarter-ring yielding devices. The design requirements for these curved devices, based on the characteristics of the frame in which they are utilized, are also discussed exhaustively. In the next step, the presented formulae’s accuracy and usability are comprehensively investigated by conducting a finite element parametric study. The results show that the proposed system can provide an extra source of energy dissipation and ductility. It was also observed that the new system leads to an increase in both initial stiffness and ultimate strength and limits the pinching phenomena in the hysteretic cycles.
A device, comprising a system of rod-plane electrodes with a horizontal axis, enveloping tubular glass barriers or vertical planes as well as supports for their attachment, has been made. The tubular ...barriers were coated with a thin layer of either superhydrophobic soot or hydrophobic silicone. The electrical performance of the tubular soot barrier has been determined experimentally based on its size and the length of the interelectrode air gap under DC voltage and any atmosphere. Its insulating performance was then compared with that of its tubular glass or silicone counterpart as well as that of the hydrophilic glass plane barrier under the above conditions. The main results obtained show, on the one hand, that under severe pollution conditions, the electrical protection of the rod-plane system by tubular soot barrier is more reliable than that of glass or silicone regardless of the influence’s parameters considered in this investigation. On the other hand, the tubular barrier with superhydrophobic soot is technically more efficient and economically less expensive compared to its hydrophilic plane counterpart.
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