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  • Pomen kinezike in prozodije v tolmačenem medicinskem pogovoru : doktorska disertacija = Die Bedeutung kinesischer und prosodischer Aspekte im gedolmetschten medizinischen Gespräch : Dissertation
    Felgner, Lars
    This dissertation examines both the importance of nonverbal communication (NVC) in medical interpreting and whether nonverbal phenomena contribute to or even cause disturbances in the interaction ... between doctor, interpreter and patient. The emphasis here is on the communicative relevance of kinesics (facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, haptics, body posture/movement and proxemics). Since up to now translation studies have paid only marginal attention to this topic, and since there has not yet been a true opening up to disciplines that have long been occupied with studying human body motion behaviour and body language, the theoretical part highlights key points of contact to previous contributions from other disciplines in the area of NVC (such as communication studies and social psychology). The central question in transferring research results from outside the field of translation studies to the subject matter of the present dissertation is: Which NVC findings are universal and valid across linguistic and cultural boundaries as well as in different communicative contexts, and which NVC findings must, in light of present medical interpreting communication conditions (especially triadic ones), be more closely inspected? In addition, the theoretical part thoroughly systemises those areas of the broad field of NVC that are most important for interpreting dialogues, while defining the auditory, audio-visual, visual and visual-tactile observation parameters that are relevant for the ensuing discourse analytical examination. The analysis of selected Codes of Ethics and professional Standards of Practice for municipal and medical interpreters from the European, Anglo-American and Australian realms in terms of their statements on NVC revealed the following: (1) The intensity with which the Codes and Standards address NVC stands in correlation to the degree of professionalization of municipal and medical interpreting in the respective countries. (2) Most of the passages on NVC in the examined documents are not suitable as genuinely normative guides for the communicative practice of medical interpreters, because they are either too unspecific or because they even contradict the findings of communications and/or interpreting studies. (3) Given individual, cultural and situational factors, general NVC rules in the sense of a catalogue of behavioural norms cannot easily be established. They are not a replacement for the experience-based, situational problem-solving and decision-making that is necessary for professional and capable interpreting. In order to determine what value practicing medical interpreters from the German-speaking realm attribute to NVC and the role it actually plays in their professional practice, a quantitatively oriented survey was conducted. From the answers of the respondents (n = 105) it can be concluded that medical interpreters judge the significance of NVC for their professional practice to be important to very important and regard the relevant competencies to be essential for professional practice. Therefore, in the respondents% view interpreters should be in a position to perceive and correctly interpret nonverbal signals, and also to recognize on the basis of nonverbal feedback behaviour whether an interpreted message was understood or whether clarification is required. The importance of NVC competence was also confirmed through the discourse analysis. Some of the analysed conversations revealed that patients often do not dare to fight for their right to extensive information from the doctor and therefore refrain from asking questions. Here the interpreter is required to recognize, on the basis of the patient's nonverbal feedback behavior, whether there is cause for a clarification turn. In addition, a clear majority of the medical interpreters surveyed wishes to have more intensive involvement with the vocal and body language aspects of interpreted communication during their education and further training. The qualitative discourse analytical evaluation of 10 interpreted medical conversations - conducted as part of interpreter training that was carried out with the participation of professionals (doctors and social workers) and recorded on video - confirmed the initial assumption that nonverbal phenomena can cause or partially cause interaction disturbances. A central problem that could be detected in all of the examined conversations is the inadequate nonverbal assertiveness of lay interpreters when it comes to assuming and asserting their right to speak. Especially in conversations with medical professionals who were dominant and firm in their conversational role, the interpreters' lack of assertiveness had a negative effect on the course of conversation. Interpreters' insufficient nonverbal attempts to assert their right to speak were constantly ignored by the doctors, which ultimately hindered effective segmenting of the conversation into information units that would be easier to interpret consecutively. In order to live up to their role as a conversation coordinator and to temporarily stop the overbearing doctors from talking, some interpreters opted for aggressive nonverbal means of taking the floor (especially, interrupting through hand gestures or an extreme increase in volume); this had a negative influence on the communication climate in the triad. The discourse analysis shows, further, that interpreters, through their gaze behaviour and their accompanying facial expressions, can communicate a supporting or distancing 334 intention in relation to the speaker%s message. Particularly problematic proved to be nonverbal distancing (especially through the direction of the gaze and facial expressions) in terms of the credibility of the patient%s message; this is because such distancing can undermine the status of the patient in the triad and the doctor may also come to doubt the credibility of the patient. In addition, some of the analysed conversation passages illustrate that neglecting nonverbal information while interpreting the speaker's message can lead to a disturbance in the communication flow within the triad (e.g., because the listener aims follow-up questions regarding the nonverbal behaviour of the speaker at the interpreter). As well, an un-supplied (verbal or nonverbal) reproduction of nonverbally-transmitted information (e.g., of the speaker's pointing gestures) can damage the addressee's right to have the speaker's message translated as faithfully as possible. How significant the interpreters' problems identified in this pilot study are in the context of NVC, as well as how significant the required competencies for avoiding them actually are in professional practice, can only be determined through discourse analytical follow-up examinations of authentic interpreted medical conversations.
    Vrsta gradiva - disertacija ; neleposlovje za odrasle
    Založništvo in izdelava - Ljubljana : [L. Felgner], 2015
    Jezik - nemški
    COBISS.SI-ID - 58042978

Signatura – lokacija, inventarna št. ... Status izvoda Rezervacija
Skladišče II 0000088954 Skladišče II 88954 prosto - za čitalnico
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