V 2 O 5 nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasound-assisted method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. XRD pattern revealed an orthorhombic V 2 O 5 phase with an average crystallite size of 52 nm. FTIR spectrum indicated stretching vibration of V-O-V at 430 cm −1 . The morphology of nanoparticles was determined by SEM and TEM analysis. The optical bandgap of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles was found to be 2.4 eV. The photocatalytic degradation study of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles was investigated against the Rose Bengal (RB) dye under solar light irradiation. Ultrasound-assisted V 2 O 5 nanoparticles showed an excellent photocatalytic activity (RB dye). The antibacterial activity (disc diffusion method) of ultrasound-assisted V 2 O 5 nanoparticles was studied against human pathogenic bacteria (S.aureus, E.coli, P.aeruginosa and P. Vulgaris). The results obtained indicate that the prepared nanoparticles will be useful in dye degradation and biomedical applications.