Abstract Stimulus‐responsive fragrance microcapsules gradually bring about the attention of the people by using the external environment as the “on/off” switch to achieve intelligent release of aromatic compounds. In this paper, the photothermal responsive fragrance microcapsules are successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as wall materials simultaneously doped with polyaniline (PANI). The results indicate that the synthesized fragrance microcapsules have good spherical shape and thermal stability, which can prevent the leakage of essential oil. Furthermore, the addition of PANI effectively promotes the release of fragrance under the stimulation of light source, achieving photothermal responsive release. Meanwhile, the prepared fragrance microcapsules are applied to fabricate fragrance silk fabrics through soaking‐rolling‐baking procedure. The obtained aromatic fabrics show interesting light stimulation release behavior and good washing fastness.