•Fe/Co-chalcogenide stabilizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide high paramagnetic susceptibility.•The Fe3O4–SiO2/FeS-CoS/Mg/AL-LDH achieved excellent extraction performance towards anionic food colors.•Ion exchange, H-bond, large surface area and size-matching effect were possible mechanism.•The Fe3O4–SiO2/FeS-CoS/Mg/AL-LDH was used for the enrichment and analysis of anionic food colors in real samples. Magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) supported on Fe3O4–SiO2 which stabilized and modified by CoS-FeS chalcogenide was prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS and, VSM analysis. Subsequently, this prepared material was applied in a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) system for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of trace levels of disulfine blue (DSB) and bromocresol green (BCG) anionic dyes from aqueous solutions which method was followed by UV–vis spectrophotometry detection. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the contribution of operational parameters including pH, sorbent dosage, sonication extraction time, type, volume and eluent concentration on system performance. Under optimized conditions, detection and quantification limits were obtained to be 0.033 mg L−1 and 0.109 mg L−1 for DSB and 0.037 and 0.123 mg L−1 for BCG, respectively, as well as, good linearity was obtained. This novel and interesting extraction approach seem to be fast and efficient procedure for the extraction of anionic dyes from aqueous samples. The kinetics and the adsorption isotherms of dyes reveal their rapid adsorption, following a with a pseudo-first-order kinetics and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.