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  • Understanding the levels of...
    Reddick, Christopher; Enriquez, Roger; Harris, Richard; Flores, Judith

    Cities, 20/May , Letnik: 148
    Journal Article

    This paper examines three levels of digital inequality, access, use, and outcomes, within a major U.S. city. The Resources and Appropriation (RA) Theory is used to explain the digital divide within a city. Using paper and electronic surveys in English and Spanish, the researchers conducted a city-wide survey to examine all three levels of digital inequality. The research methods were descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings include that the digital divide persists at all three levels, with older respondents. Furthermore, geographical residential location, income level, and educational attainment emerged as significant predictors of digital inequality. Findings not normally found in the digital divide literature are that geography and limited English proficiency significantly impacted internet use and outcomes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the digital divide within a large urban area and shed light on how inequalities manifest across different regions of the city. The study also highlights the persistent presence of digital inequality in various low-income communities within the city, underscoring the need for further research on the community level. •Three levels of digital inequality in access, use, and outcomes are examined.•Findings include that the digital divide persists at all three levels.•Residential location, income level, and educational attainment predictors of digital inequality.•Geography and limited English proficiency significantly impacted internet use and outcomes.•These findings contribute to understanding the digital divide within a large urban area.