In this paper, an optimal signal control model was presented to minimize the traffic emissions on an arterial road. In order to solve the optimal model, an improved simulated annealing genetic algorithm (ISAGA) was utilized by integrating microscopic traffic flow model with vehicle emission model. For simplicity, three intersections on a signalized arterial road were taken into account. During the optimizing process, the traffic flow model and the emission model were embedded into ISAGA as a fitness-calculating module. Through the experimental simulation, the results indicate that the optimal signal timing of the multi-intersection was realized by minimizing the emissions of vehicles on the arterial road. Moreover, it is found that the improved simulated annealing genetic algorithm is effective in solving the optimization model. •An optimal signal control model was presented to minimize the traffic emissions on an arterial road.•An improved simulated annealing genetic algorithm (ISAGA) was presented .•Microscopic traffic flow model and vehicle emission model was embedded into ISAGA.