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  • Simboličko značenje prostor...
    Kovačić, Vanja

    Crkva u svijetu, 2023, Letnik: 58, Številka: Suppl. 1
    Journal Article

    Ženski benediktinski samostani u Dalmaciji mahom su smješteni unutar gradova, a razvijaju se adaptacijom postojećih građevina i adicijom novih gradnji u skladu s crkvenom reformom. Cilj provedenih istraživanja je arhitektonska, stilska i urbanistička analiza pojedinih sklopova samostana, kao i slojevitost i spoj stambene i obrambene arhitekture. U vrijeme njihova utemeljenja u Trogiru i Splitu priljubljeni su s vanjske strane gradskih zidina da bi proširenjem grada i gradnjom novog obrambenog pojasa postali dio zaštićene jezgre. Istaknuti položaj u urbanističkom rasteru grada svjedoče samostan sv. Marije u Zadru uz gradski kardo s istočne strane foruma, samostan sv. Nikole u Trogiru uz južna gradska vrata, samostan sv. Benedikta (sv. Arnira) u Splitu uza sjeverni zid Dioklecijanove palače, samostan sv. Marije od Kaštela u Dubrovniku na najvišem dijelu grada uz južne zidine i samostan sv. Andrije na Rabu na gradskim zidinama prema moru. Samostanska arhitektura se u svom dugom trajanju adaptira i dograđuje, te proživljava arhitektonske i stilske promjene. Istaknuti su oni simbolički prostorni elementi u ženskim benediktinskim samostanima koji ukazuju na primjenu klauzurnih pravila u crkvi, kapeli, kapitularnoj dvorani i parlatoriju. Women’s Benedictine monasteries in Dalmatia are mostly located inside cities, and are developed by adapting the existing buildings and adding new buildings in accordance with the church reform. The goal of the conducted research is the architectural, stylistic and urban analysis of some monastery complexes, as well as the layering and combination of residential and defensive architecture. At the time of their foundation, the convents in Trogir and Split were attached to the outside of the city walls, so that with the expansion of the city and the construction of a new defensive belt, they became part of the protected city core. The following monasteries have a prominent position in the urban grid of the city: the monastery of St. Mary in Zadar next to the city cardo on the eastern side of the forum, the monastery of St. Nicholas in Trogir next to the southern city gate, monastery of St. Benedict (St. Arnir) in Split along the northern wall of Diocletian's Palace, the monastery of St. Mary of the Castle in Dubrovnik on the highest part of the city next to the southern walls and the monastery of St. Andrew on Rab on the city walls towards the sea. During its long duration, the monastery's architecture is adapted and extended, and undergoes architectural and stylistic changes. All those symbolic spatial elements in women’s Benedictine monasteries are pointed out to indicate the application of cloister rules in the church, chapel, capitular hall and parlatory.