Summary Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between interleukin 10 ( IL10 ) ( rs1800896 ) and interleukin 1B ( IL1B ) ( rs16944 ) genetic polymorphisms and the risk for cervical cancer in a cohort of women from Croatia. Methods A case–control study of 81 patients with cervical cancer and 80 age-matched healthy controls was performed. We collected peripheral blood samples, extracted deoxiribonucleic acid (DNA), and analyzed two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1800896 and rs16944 using TaqMan assays (Fa. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We investigated a possible association between two cytokine genetic polymorphisms and the occurrence of cervical cancer. Results Our results showed no significant difference in the frequency of IL10 ( rs1800896 ) and IL1B ( rs16944 ) genotypes between the patients and the controls (χ2 test, P  < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, no association was found between IL10 rs1800896 and IL1B rs16944 polymorphisms and cervical cancer development.