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Abbasi, R. U.; Saba, M. M. F.; Belz, J. W.; Krehbiel, P. R.; Kieu, N.; Stanley, M. A.; Mazich, J.; LeVon, R.; Smout, K.; Petrizze, A.; Abu‐Zayyad, T.; Allen, M.; Arimura, R.; Bergman, D. R.; Blake, S. A.; Buckland, I.; Cheon, B. G.; Chikawa, M.; Fujisue, K.; Fujita, K.; Fujiwara, R.; Fukushima, M.; Furlich, G.; Hayashida, N.; He, H.; Hibino, K.; Honda, K.; Ikeda, D.; Inoue, N.; Ito, H.; Iwasaki, A.; Jeong, H. M.; Jui, C. C. H.; Kadota, K.; Kakimoto, F.; Kalashev, O.; Kasami, S.; Kawata, K.; Kharuk, I.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S. W.; Kimura, Y.; Komae, I.; Kubota, Y.; Kwon, Y. J.; Lee, K. H.; Lubsandorzhiev, B.; Matthews, J. N.; Mayta, R.; Myers, I.; Nagataki, S.; Nakai, K.; Nakamura, R.; Nakamura, T.; Nakazawa, A.; Nonaka, T.; Ogio, S.; Ohoka, H.; Oku, Y.; Okuda, T.; Omura, Y.; Ono, M.; Oshima, A.; Park, I. H.; Potts, M.; Rodriguez, D. C.; Rott, C.; Sagawa, H.; Sakaki, N.; Sakurai, N.; Sato, K.; Shibasaki, Y.; Shibata, T.; Shikita, J.; Shimodaira, H.; Shinto, D.; Stokes, B. T.; Stroman, T. A.; Takahashi, K.; Takamura, M.; Takeda, M.; Takeishi, R.; Tameda, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Tanaka, M.; Thomas, S. B.; Thomson, G. B.; Tinyakov, P.; Tkachev, I.; Tomida, T.; Troitsky, S.; Tsunesada, Y.; Uehama, T.; Warren, D.; Wong, T.; Yashiro, K.; Yoshida, F.; Zhezher, Y.; Zundel, Z.
Geophysical research letters, 28 July 2023, Letnik: 50, Številka: 14Journal Article
In this paper, we present the first high‐speed video observation of a cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash and its associated downward‐directed Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flash (TGF). The optical emission of the event was observed by a high‐speed video camera running at 40,000 frames per second in conjunction with the Telescope Array Surface Detector, Lightning Mapping Array, interferometer, electric‐field fast antenna, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The cloud‐to‐ground flash associated with the observed TGF was formed by a fast downward leader followed by a very intense return stroke peak current of −154 kA. The TGF occurred while the downward leader was below cloud base, and even when it was halfway in its propagation to ground. The suite of gamma‐ray and lightning instruments, timing resolution, and source proximity offer us detailed information and therefore a unique look at the TGF phenomena. Plain Language Summary This study provides the very first simultaneous observations of a downward‐directed terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) together with its associated cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash using a high‐speed camera in addition to gamma‐ray and radio measurements. The camera, running at 40,000 frames per second, allowed us to check the characteristics of the downward leader, the development stage of the lightning flash, and the luminosity variations in coincidence with TGF production. Key Points Simultaneous recordings of a downward‐directed terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF), high‐speed video images, and radio emissions TGF events occurred while the leader was already branching below cloud base and even when it was halfway in its propagation to ground Energetic downward‐directed TGFs were associated with fast downward leaders that produced high return stroke peak currents
