Doctrine is fundamental to all facets of Chinaʹs military modernization. Doctrine is far more than the abstract study of warfare—it is central to how the PLA is organized and prepares to apply lethal force. Training is the practical application of doctrine. Over the past three decades, reforming doctrine has been a catalyst for a vast range of PLA reforms, professionalization, and modernization—reconfiguring the force structure, personnel recruitment, military education, training regimens, hardware needs, research and development, weapons procurement, and operational strategy. One can clearly see the lessons learned by the PLA from foreign conflicts and the resulting changes