The paper deals with the activities of the writer Božena Němcová in Slovakia in the years 1851-1855. She visited Slovakia four times in this period (three times she visited her husband who worked here in civil Service, her last stay was intended as a cure, while most of the time Němcová devoted to ethnographical research). All her stays resulted in contributions based on active observation, ethnographic and folkloristic research, consultations with a number of Slovak intellectuals dealing with both humanities and natural sciences. The results of the individual stays differ both in form and quality. They proceed from joumalistic „causerie“ towards serious attempts of monographic elaboration of natural background, history, demography, sociological, ethnographical and gender facts of a given region. The contribution to folkloristic is outstanding. The writer used Slovak inspirations also in her fiction. Thanks to her activities, Božena Němcová belongs to the history of Slovak ethnology.