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Development of a prototype superconducting radio-frequency cavity for conduction-cooled acceleratorsCiovati, G.; Anderson, J.; Balachandran, S.; Cheng, G.; Coriton, B.; Daly, E.; Dhakal, P.; Gurevich, A.; Hannon, F.; Harding, K.; Holland, L.; Marhauser, F.; McLaughlin, K.; Packard, D.; Powers, T.; Pudasaini, U.; Rathke, J.; Rimmer, R.; Schultheiss, T.; Vennekate, H.; Vollmer, D.
Physical review. Accelerators and beams, 04/2023, Letnik: 26, Številka: 4Journal Article
The higher efficiency of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities compared to normal-conducting ones enables the development of high-energy continuous-wave linear accelerators (linacs). Recent progress in the development of high-qualityNb3Snfilm coatings along with the availability of cryocoolers with high cooling capacity at 4 K makes it feasible to operate SRF cavities cooled by thermal conduction at relevant accelerating gradients for use in accelerators. A possible use of conduction-cooled SRF linacs is for environmental applications, requiring electron beams with energy of 1–10 MeV and 1 MW of power. We have designed a 915 MHz SRF linac for such an application and developed a prototype single-cell cavity to prove the proposed design by operating it with cryocoolers at the accelerating gradient required for 1 MeV energy gain. The cavity has a∼3μmthickNb3Snfilm on the inner surface, deposited on a∼4mmthick bulk Nb substrate and a bulk∼7mmthick Cu outer shell with three Cu attachment tabs. The cavity was tested up to a peak surface magnetic field of 53 mT in liquid He at 4.3 K. A horizontal test cryostat was designed and built to test the cavity cooled with three Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers. The rf tests of the conduction-cooled cavity, performed at General Atomics, achieved a peak surface magnetic field of 50 mT and stable operation was possible with up to 18.5 W of rf heat load. The peak frequency shift due to microphonics was 23 Hz. These results represent the highest peak surface magnetic field achieved in a conduction-cooled SRF cavity to date and meet the requirements for a 1 MeV energy gain.
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