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Khemrattrakool, Pattarapon; Hongsuwong, Thitipong; Tipthara, Phornpimon; Kullasakboonsri, Rattawan; Phanphoowong, Theerawit; Sriwichai, Patchara; Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas; Jittamala, Podjanee; Tarning, Joel; Kobylinski, Kevin C
Parasites & vectors, 05/2024, Letnik: 17, Številka: 1Journal Article
Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. Racemic ivermectin is composed of two components, namely a major component (> 80%; ivermectin B ), which has an ethyl group at C-26, and a minor component (< 20%; ivermectin B ), which has a methyl group at C-26. There is no difference between the efficacy of ivermectin B and ivermectin B efficacy in nematodes, but only ivermectin B has been reported to be lethal to snails. The ratios of ivermectin B and B ratios in ivermectin formulations and tablets can vary between manufacturers and batches. The mosquito-lethal effects of ivermectin B and ivermectin B have never been assessed. As novel ivermectin formulations are being developed for malaria control, it is important that the mosquito-lethal effects of individual ivermectin B and ivermectin B compounds be evaluated. Racemic ivermectin, ivermectin B or ivermectin B , respectively, was mixed with human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to Anopheles dirus sensu stricto and Anopheles minimus sensu stricto mosquitoes, and mortality was observed for 10 days. The ivermectin B and B ratios from commercially available racemic ivermectin and marketed tablets were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that neither the lethal concentrations that kills 50% (LC ) nor 90% (LC ) of mosquitoes differed between racemic ivermectin, ivermectin B or ivermectin B for An. dirus or An. minimus, confirming that the individual ivermectin components have equal mosquito-lethal effects. The relative ratios of ivermectin B and B derived from sourced racemic ivermectin powder were 98.84% and 1.16%, respectively, and the relative ratios for ivermectin B and B derived from human oral ivermectin tablets were 98.55% and 1.45%, respectively. The ratio of ivermectin B and B does not influence the Anopheles mosquito-lethal outcome, an ideal study result as the separation of ivermectin B and B components at scale is cost prohibitive. Thus, variations in the ratio of ivermectin B and B between batches and manufacturers, as well as potentially novel formulations for malaria control, should not influence ivermectin mosquito-lethal efficacy.
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Vir: Osebne bibliografije
in: SICRIS
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