Health is considered one of the fundamental human rights. Health equity means that every person should be able to reach their full health potential and that no member of any group should be at a disadvantage in achieving that potential. Unfortunately, health differences between different social groups are present in all European countries, including the Republic of Croatia. A health vulnerable group is one that is exposed to health disparities due to lack of resources and/or increased exposure to social risk. In this paper, some of the health vulnerable groups in the Republic of Croatia are singled out – persons of lower socioeconomic status, the elderly, members of national minorities, and members of gender and sexual minorities. In the final part, recommendations for the improvement of practice and proposals for future scientific research are presented, aiming to increase health equity and reduce health disparities. Key words: the right to health; health justice; vulnerable groups; minority groups