The aim of our study was to establish the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection in a population of women included in an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) program and to correlate the outcome of IVF cycles with HPV status. A total of 195 women undergoing the IVF program were included in the study. A cervical smear for cytological analysis and hr-HPV determination was collected from every woman. RealTime High Risk HPV test (Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, IL) has been used for the detection of hr-HPV infection. All participants were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire that included questions regarding medical and sexual history as well as risk factors for HPV infection. HPV 16 and HPV 18 positive women were invited for follow-up gynaecological examinations, including colposcopy 4 to 6 months after the inclusion. Mean age of included infertile women was 33.7 ± 4.36 years. A total of 16/195 women (8.2%) were hr-HPV positive. Hr-HPV infection was not associated with the percentage of mature oocytes, the percentage of fertilised oocytes, with embryo quality or with pregnancy rate in our study. The prevalence of hr-HPV genotypes in Slovenian infertile women undergoing IVF is lower than the hr-HPV prevalence in the general population. We were unable to find an association between hr-HPV cervical infection and the outcome of IVF cycles. Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti zastopanost okužbe z visokorizičnimi genotipi humanih papilomskih virusov (vr-HPV) v populaciji žensk, vključenih v postopke zunajtelesne oploditve (ZTO). Nadalje smo želeli ugotoviti, ali ima okužba s HPV vpliv na izid postopkov ZTO. Vključili smo 195 žensk, ki so se zdravile s postopki ZTO. Vsaki ženski smo odvzeli bris materničnega vratu za citološko preiskavo in bris za določanje okužbe z vr-HPV. Za dokazovanje okužbe z vr-HPV smo uporabili test RealTime High Risk HPV (Abbott Molecular Inc., Des Plaines, IL). Vsako žensko smo prosili, da izpolni anonimni vprašalnik, ki je vključeval ginekološko anamnezo in dejavnike tveganja za okužbo s HPV. Ženske, ki so bile HPV 16 ali HPV 18 pozitivne, smo povabili na kontrolni pregled in kolposkopijo po štirih do šestih mesecih. Povprečna starost vključenih neplodnih žensk je bila 33,7 ± 4,36 leta. V naši raziskavi je bilo 16/195 žensk (8,2 %) vr-HPV pozitivnih. Okužba z vr-HPV ni imela vpliva na število ali odstotek zrelih jajčnih celic, odstotek oplojenih jajčnih celic, kakovost zarodka ali na stopnjo zanositve. V populaciji žensk, vključenih v postopke ZTO, je prevalenca okužbe z vr-HPV nižja kot v splošni populaciji slovenskih žensk. Okužba z vr-HPV ni bila povezana z uspehom postopkov ZTO.