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  • Daily Use, Especially of Hi...
    DI FORTI, Marta; SALLIS, Hannah; DAZZAN, Paola; MONDELLI, Valeria; PAPARELLI, Alessandra; KOLLIAKOU, Anna; PRATA, Diana; GAUGHRAN, Fiona; DAVID, Anthony S; MORGAN, Craig; STAHL, Daniel; KHONDOKER, Mizanur; ALLEGRI, Fabio; MACCABE, James H; MURRAY, Robin M; TROTTA, Antonella; FERRARO, Laura; STILO, Simona A; MARCONI, Arianna; LA CASCIA, Caterina; MARQUES, Tiago Reis; PARIANTE, Carmine

    Schizophrenia Bulletin, 11/2014, Letnik: 40, Številka: 6
    Journal Article

    Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age of onset of psychosis (AOP). However, the reasons for this remain debated. We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to 410 first-episode psychosis patients to investigate the association between gender, patterns of cannabis use, and AOP. Patients with a history of cannabis use presented with their first episode of psychosis at a younger age (mean years = 28.2, SD = 8.0; median years = 27.1) than those who never used cannabis (mean years = 31.4, SD = 9.9; median years = 30.0; hazard ratio HR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16-1.74; P < .001). This association remained significant after controlling for gender (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11-1.68; P < .001). Those who had started cannabis at age 15 or younger had an earlier onset of psychosis (mean years = 27.0, SD = 6.2; median years = 26.9) than those who had started after 15 years (mean years = 29.1, SD = 8.5; median years = 27.8; HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.84; P = .050). Importantly, subjects who had been using high-potency cannabis (skunk-type) every day had the earliest onset (mean years = 25.2, SD = 6.3; median years = 24.6) compared to never users among all the groups tested (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.50- 2.65; P < .0001); these daily users of high-potency cannabis had an onset an average of 6 years earlier than that of non-cannabis users. Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.