Our purpose was to correlate different intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), histopathological and clinical parameters in rectal cancer. 17 patients with histologically proven rectal cancer investigated on a 3.T device were included into the study. DWI was performed using a multi-slice single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b values of 0, 50, 200, 500 and 1000 s/mm.2 A polygonal region of interest was drawn within the tumors on every b image. The following parameters were retrieved from IVIM: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion factor (f), and relative perfusion f·D*. In every case, cell count, nucleic areas, proliferation index KI 67, and microvessel density were estimated on histopathological specimens. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between the parameters. ADC correlated well with KI 67 index and D tended to correlate with cell count and KI 67. ADC and D tended to correlate with total nucleic area. The perfusion factor f correlated well with stained vessel area, total vessel area, and vessel count. D* and fD* correlated with mean vessel diameter. Distant metastasized tumors had higher D* and fD* values. IVIM parameter reflected different clinical and histopathological features in rectal cancer.