•Surface patterning of polymer membranes can be an effective strategy to improve the device performances.•Both porous and dense membranes can be patterned via templated-based micro-molding and direct printing methods.•Patterned membrane-electrode assembly can enlarge the active surface area and form more effective ion conduction pathways.•Presence of surface pattern can enhance the shear at the porous membrane surface during separation, which can benefit fouling mitigation. In recent years, surface patterning of membranes has been explored as a new strategy to modify surface properties of polymeric membranes. A variety of methods including template-based micromolding and direct printing have been developed for effective fabrication of surface-patterned membranes. In this review, we compare the underlying pattern replication mechanisms and the advantages and challenges associated with the range of different fabrication methods. The presence of the surface patterns, when properly created, can enlarge the active surface/interfacial area, create more effective conduction pathways, and enhance the hydrodynamic effects. These effects can be harnessed for improving membrane performance for a wide range of applications.