We use a novel income tax data set to present evidence on the evolution of income concentration in the last 60 years of colonial rule in India. These data allow us to study the evolution of income concentration at the country level as well as the location of top income earners across provinces. We identify three key facts: (1) the evolution of income concentration in British India was nonlinear, following a U-shape, (2) the majority of top income earners were non-Europeans, and (3) the geographical location of top income earners changed over time with the province of Bombay gaining in importance in the early XXth century. We provide an interpretation of these results in the light of the economic and political changes in British India over the period. •We use a novel data to present evidence on income concentration in British India.•The evolution of income concentration in British India followed a U-shape.•The majority of top income earners were likely to be non-Europeans.•Location of top income evolved. Bombay gained importance in the XXth century.•We interpret these in the light of the economic and political changes.