Background Minor liver resections of posterosuperior segments (1, 4A, 7, 8) are challenging to perform laparoscopically and are mainly performed using an open approach. We determined the feasibility of robotic resections of posterosuperior segments and compared short-term outcomes with the open approach. Methods Data on open and robotic minor (≤ 3 segments) liver resections including the posterosuperior segments, performed between 2009 and 2016, were collected retrospectively from four hospitals. Robotic and open liver resections were compared, before and after propensity score matching. Results In total, 51 robotic and 145 open resections were included. After matching, 31 robotic resections were compared with 31 open resections. Median hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range IQR 3–7) for the robotic group, versus 8 days (IQR 6–10) for the open group ( p  < 0.001). Median operative time was 222 min (IQR 164–505) for robotic cases versus 231 min (IQR 190–301) for open cases ( p  = 0.668). Median estimated blood loss was 200 mL (IQR 100–400) versus 300 mL (IQR 125–750), respectively ( p  = 0.212). In the robotic group, one patient (3%) had a major complication, versus three patients (10%) in the open group ( p  = 0.612). Readmissions were similar—10% in the robotic group versus 6% in the open group ( p  > 0.99). There was no mortality in either group. Conclusion Minor robotic liver resections of the posterosuperior segments are safe and feasible and display a shorter length of stay than open resections in selected patients at expert centers.