Abstract The 10 Be record in laminated travertines is a potential proxy for reconstructing past solar activity down to the annual scale; however, correcting for the potential influence of climatic or environmental variations remains challenging. Here, we present an annually resolved 10 Be record using travertines from Baishuitai, China, covering the period from 1510 to 1701 CE, along with environmental proxies, to evaluate climatic influences and implement corrections to accurately reconstruct solar activity. We demonstrate that the 10 Be deposition in travertines exhibits two environmental impacts: the transport efficiency of atmospheric 10 Be into travertine and the additional 10 Be inflow from overland flow associated with rainfall. We show that these impacts can be corrected based on iron and potassium contents. The resulting corrected record agrees with ice‐core and tree‐ring records, demonstrating the feasibility of using such carbonate sediment 10 Be records to reconstruct past solar activity. Plain Language Summary The travertine 10 Be record has great potential as a proxy for high‐resolution reconstruction of past solar activity; however, the methodology for correcting the potential influence of climatic or environmental variations has not been fully established. This study presents a new high‐precision annual 10 Be record using travertines from Baishuitai, China, covering the period 1510–1701 CE, together with records of environmental proxies, allowing us to evaluate the climatic influences and establish a methodology for correcting them to facilitate accurate solar activity reconstruction. We find that there are two environmental impacts on the deposition of 10 Be in travertine: one is the transport efficiency of atmospheric 10 Be into travertine, and the other is the additional 10 Be inflow from the runoff following rainfall events, and we use iron (Fe) and potassium (K) contents to correct these impacts. The corrected travertine 10 Be record exhibits good agreement with ice‐core 10 Be and tree‐ring 14 C records, supporting that the 10 Be record in Baishuitai travertine reliably reflects the atmospheric radionuclide production rate as regulated by solar activity. This result demonstrates the feasibility of using such carbonate sediment 10 Be records to reconstruct annual solar activity and suggests the possibility of extending the annual records further back in time than previously obtained. Key Points A high‐precision annual record of travertine 10 Be from 1510 to 1701 CE was obtained to assess its potential as a proxy for solar activity Climatological and environmental impacts on 10 Be deposition were found to be correctable based on the content of trace elements The travertine 10 Be record corrected for climatological impacts reasonably preserves the decadal and centennial‐scale solar cycles