We consider the production of Formula omitted and Formula omitted mesons originating from the decays of b-flavored hadrons at the LHC using the Formula omitted-factorization approach. Our analysis covers both inclusive charmonia production and production of Formula omitted mesons in association with Z bosons. We apply the transverse momentum dependent (or unintegrated) gluon density in a proton derived from Catani-Ciafaloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation and adopt fragmentation functions based on the non-relativistic QCD factorization to describe the inclusive b-hadron decays into the different charmonium states. Our predictions agree well with latest experimental data taken by the CMS, ATLAS and LHCb Collaborations at Formula omitted, 8 and 13 TeV. The contributions from double parton scattering to the associated non-prompt Formula omitted production are estimated and found to be small.