IntroductionDifelikefalin is to date the first and only specific treatment to be approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) in adult patients on hemodialysis.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective, single-center, real-life study in hemodialysis patients with CKD-aP treated with difelikefalin. The primary objective was to evaluate the evolution of the intensity of pruritus during treatment with difelikefalin using the Worst Itch Intensity-Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS). Adult patients were included if they had been on hemodialysis for at least 3 months and were suffering from moderate to severe CKD-aP (objectified by the WI-NRS score) for which difelikefalin had been prescribed.Results11 patients (7 men and 4 women; mean age, 63.8 years) with a mean (SD) weekly dialysis time of 13 h (2.4) were included. The mean hemodialysis duration was 5 (3.6) years and the mean pruritus duration was 4.3 (3.2) years. At inclusion, on-going treatments of CKD-aP were emollients in all patients and antihistamines in 9 patients. The mean WI-NRS score was 7.4 (1.1) at initiation of difelikefalin. At last assessment after a median follow-up of 9.0 months, the mean change of WI-NRS score was -5.1 (2.9) and 82% of patients had a decrease ≥ 3 points. Mild to moderate adverse reactions to difelikefalin were reported in 4 patients, all of whom recovered without sequelae.ConclusionThese results show that difelikefalin, prescribed according to its therapeutic indication, is effective in the treatment of CKD-aP under real-life conditions, outside the controlled conditions of a clinical trial.