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  • Fatigue of double-network h...
    Zhang, Wenlei; Liu, Xiao; Wang, Jikun; Tang, Jingda; Hu, Jian; Lu, Tongqing; Suo, Zhigang

    Engineering fracture mechanics, January 2018, 2018-01-00, 20180101, Letnik: 187
    Journal Article

    •Initiate the study of the fatigue behavior of the classic double network hydrogels.•Damage accumulates over thousands of cycles for an uncut sample.•Crack extends over thousands of cycles for a cut sample.•Determine a fatigue threshold and compare with the Lake-Thomas model. The discovery of tough hydrogels of many chemical compositions, and their emerging applications in medicine, clothing, and engineering, has raised a fundamental question: How do hydrogels behave under many cycles of stretch? This paper initiates the study of the fatigue behavior of the classic PAMPS/PAAM double network hydrogels discovered by Gong and her co-workers 25. We reproduce the hydrogels, and prepare samples of two types, with or without a crack cut before the test. When an uncut sample is subject to cyclic stretches, internal damage accumulates over thousands of cycles until a steady state is reached. When a cut sample is subject to cyclic stretches, the crack extends cycle by cycle if the amplitude of stretch is above a certain value. A threshold of energy release rate exists, below which the crack remains stationary as the sample is cycled. We find a threshold around 400 J/m2 for hydrogels containing PAAM networks of a low density of crosslinkers, and around 200 J/m2 for hydrogels containing PAAM networks of a high density of crosslinkers. The experimental findings are compared to the Lake-Thomas model adapted to the double-network hydrogels.